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Ammons DK, Roberts N. Frontline pharmacist: prioritizing pharmacy services in the emergency department. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997; 54:17025.
Bates DW, Cullen DJ, et al. Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events. Implications for prevention. ADE Prevention Study Group. JAMA. 1995; 274(1): 29-34.
Bates DW, Leape LL, Cullen DJ et al. Effect of Computerized Physician Order Entry and a Team Intervention on Prevention of Serious Medication Errors. JAMA 1998; 280 (15):1311-6.
Beers MH. Explicit criteria for determining potentially inappropriate medication use by the elderly. An update. Archives of Internal Medicine 1997; 157 (14):1531-6.
Berry NS, Folstad JE, Bauman JL, Leikin JB. Follow-up observations on 24-hour pharmacotherapy services in the emergency department. Ann Pharmacother. 1992; 26:47680.
Bond CA, Raehl CL, and Pitterle ME. Staffing and the cost of clinical and hospital pharmacy services in United States hospitals. Pharmacotherapy, 1999. 19(6): p. 767-81.
Brennan TA, Leape LL, Laird NM et al. Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. New England Journal of Medicine 1991; 324 (6):370-6.
Burroughs TE, Waterman AD, Gallagher TH, et al. Patient Concerns about Medical Errors in Emergency Departments. Acad Emerg Med. 2005; 12:5764.
Caterino JM, Emond JA, Camargo CA. Inappropriate Medication Administration To The Acutely Ill Elderly: A Nationwide Emergency Department Study, 1992-2000. J Amer Geriatr Soc. 2004;52:1847-1855.
Chamberlain JM, Slonim A, Joseph JG. Reducing Errors and Promoting Safety in Pediatric Emergency Care. Ambulatory Pediatrics 2004; 4 (1):55-63.
Chin MH, Wang LC, Jin L, et al. Appropriateness of medication selection for older persons in an urban academic emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 1999;6:1232-42.
Chisholm CD, Collison EK, Nelson DR et al. Emergency department workplace interruptions: are emergency physicians "interrupt-driven" and "multitasking"? Academic Emergency Medicine 2000; 7 (11):1239-43.
Conners GP, Hays D. Emergency Department Drug Orders: Does Drug Storage Location Make a Difference? Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2007;50:414-418
Croskerry P, Sinclair D. Emergency Medicine: A practice prone to error? Canadian J of Emerg Med; 2001: 3(4)
Derlet R, Richards J, Kravitz R. Frequent overcrowding in U.S. emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med. 2001;8:151-5
Eitel DR, Travers DA, Rosenau AM, Gilboy N, Wuerz RC. The emergency severity index triage algorithm version 2 is reliable and valid. Acad Emerg Med. 2003 Oct;10(10):1070-80.
Elenbaas RM, Waeckerle JF, McNabney WK. The clinical pharmacist in emergency medicine. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1977; 34:8436.
Fairbanks RJ, Hays DP, Webster DF, Spillane LL, Clinical Pharmacy Services in an Emergency Department, Am J Health Syst Pharm, May 2004; 61:934-7.
Fairbanks RJ, Hildebrand JM, Kolstee KE, Schneider SM, Shah MN. Medical and nursing staff value and utilize clinical pharmacists in the Emergency Department. Emergency Medicine Journal Oct 2007; 24:716-719.
Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Arch Intern Med.2003; 2716-2724.
Gandhi TK, Weingart SN, et al. "Adverse drug events in ambulatory care." New England Journal of Medicine. 2003; 348(16): 1556-64.
Gattis WH, Whellan DJ, Reduction in Heart Failure Events by the Addition of a Clinical Pharmacist to the Heart Failure Management Team. Results of the Pharmacist in Heart Failure Assessment Recommendation and Monitoring (PHARM) Study. Arch Internal Med, 1999. 159(16): p. 1939-1945.
Gilbert EH, Lowenstein SR, Koziol-McLain J, Barta DC, Steiner J. Chart reviews in emergency medicine research: Where are the methods? Annals of Emergency Medicine. 1996;27(3):305-308.
Golden AG, Preston RA, Barnett SD, et al. Inappropriate medication prescribing in homebound older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999; 47:948-953.
Gurwitz JH, Field TS, Harrold LR, et al. Incidence and preventability of adverse drug events among older persons in the ambulatory setting. JAMA 2003;289:1107-16.
Hafner, JW, Belknap, SM, Squillante, MD, Bucheit, KA, Adverse drug events in emergency department patients. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2002. 39(3): p. 258-67.
Handler JA, Gillam M, et al. Defining, identifying, and measuring error in emergency medicine. Acad Emerg Med. 2000; 7(11):1183-8.
Heininger-Rothbucher D, Bischinger S, Ulmer H, et al. Incidence and risk of potential adverse drug interactions in the emergency room. Resuscitation. 2001;49:283-288.
Hulley SB, Cummings SR. Designing Clinical Research. An Epidemiologic Approach. 1st ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
Kasuya A, Bauman JL, Curtis RA, Buarte B, Hutchinson RA. Clinical pharmacy on-call program in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 1986; 4:4647.
Kaushal R, Bates DW, et al. Medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. JAMA. 2001;285(16): 2114-20.
Kaushal R, Bates DW, The Clinical Pharmacist’s Role in Preventing Adverse Drug Events (chapter). In Making Health Care Safer: A Critical Analysis of Patient Safety Practices. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: Number 43. AHRQ Publication No. 01-E058, July 2001. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/ptsafety/
Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS (eds), Institute of Medicine, To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. 2000, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Kozer E, Scolnik D, Macpherson A et al. Variables associated with medication errors in pediatric emergency medicine. Pediatrics 2002; 110 (4):737-42. Kozer ED Scolnik D, et al. Variables associated with medication errors in pediatric emergency medicine. Pediatrics 2000; 110(4): 737-42.
Lada P, Delgardo G. Documentation of Pharmacists' Interventions in an Emergency Department and Associated Cost Avoidance. Am J Health-Syst Pharm-Vol 64 Jan 1, 2007.
Leape LL, Bates DW, Cullen DJ et al. Systems analysis of adverse drug events. ADE Prevention Study Group. JAMA 1995; 274 (1):35-43.
Leape LL, Brennan TA, Laird N et al. The nature of adverse events in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study II. New England Journal of Medicine 1991; 324 (6):377-84.
Leape LL, Cullen DJ, Clapp MD et al. Pharmacist participation on physician rounds and adverse drug events in the intensive care unit.[comment][erratum appears in JAMA 2000 Mar 8;283(10):1293]. JAMA 1999; 282 (3):267-70.
Leape LL, Cullen DJ, Clapp MD et al. Pharmacist participation on physician rounds and adverse drug events in the intensive care unit.[comment][erratum appears in JAMA 2000 Mar 8;283(10):1293]. JAMA 1999; 282 (3):267-70.
McCaig LF, Ly N. National hospital ambulatory medical care survey: 2000 emergency department survey. Vital Health Stat. 2002;326:1-30.
McMullin ST, Hennenfent JA, Ritchie DJ, Huey WY, Lonergan TP, Schaiff RA, Tonn ME, Bailey TC. A prospective, randomized trial to assess the cost impact of pharmacist-initiated interventions. Archives of Internal Medicine, 1999. 159(19): p. 2306-9.
Murff HJ, Forster AJ, Peterson JF et al. Electronically screening discharge summaries for adverse medical events. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2003; 10 (4):339-50.
Paparella S, Workgroup ENsES. Avoid verbal orders. Journal of Emergency Nursing 2004; 30 (2):157-9.
Peth HA. Medication errors in the emergency department: a systems approach to minimizing risk. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, 2003. 21(1): p. 141-58.
Powell MF, Solomon DK, McEachen RA. Twenty-four hour emergency pharmaceutical services. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 1985; 42 (4):831-5.
Reason J. Human Error. New York, NY, 1991. Cambridge University Press.
Risser DT, Rice MM, Salisbury ML et al. The potential for improved teamwork to reduce medical errors in the emergency department. The MedTeams Research Consortium. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1999; 34 (3):373-83.
Sanders MS, McCormick EJ. Human Factors Engineering And Design. Seventh Edition ed: McGraw-Hill, Inc.; 1993. 790 p.
Santell JP, Hicks RW, Cousins DD, Medication Errors in Emergency Department Settings 5 Year Review (Abstract). American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists Summer Meeting. Las Vegas, Nevada: June 2004.
Schenkel S. Promoting patient safety and preventing medical error in emergency departments. Academic Emergency Medicine 2000; 7 (11):1204-22.
Society of Critical Care Medicine and the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. Position Paper on Critical Care Pharmacy Services, Pharmacotherapy, 2000; 20(11): 1400-1406.
Spillane LL, Lumb EW, Cobaugh DJ, Wilcox SR, Clark JS, Schneider SM. Frequent users of the Emergency Department: Can we intervene? Acad Emerg Med 1997; 4(6):574-80.
Szczesiul JM, Hildebrand JM, Clark L, Hays DP, Kolstee KE, Shah MN, Fairbanks RJ. Use of Clinical Pharmacists in Academic EDs is Limited (abstract). Academic Emergency Medicine, May 2007 14(5): S87-88.
Thomas EJ, Studdert DM, Burstin HR et al. Incidence and types of adverse events and negligent care in Utah and Colorado. Medical Care 2000; 38 (3):261-71.
Thomasset KB, Faris R. Survey of pharmacy services provision in the emergency department. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2003;60:1561-4.
Tisdale JE. Justifying a pediatric critical-care satellite pharmacy by medication-error reporting. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 1986; 43 (2):368-71.
Whalen FJ. Cost justification of decentralized pharmaceutical services for the emergency room. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981; 38:6847.
Woods D, Thomas E, Holl J et al. Adverse Events and Preventable Adverse Events in Children. Pediatrics, 2005;115:155-160.